Overview

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) includes a range of surgical interventions performed on the heart, lungs, chest, and major blood vessels. These procedures are carried out to correct structural problems, remove diseased tissue, or restore normal blood flow. CTVS is a highly specialized field, requiring advanced surgical expertise and multidisciplinary support.

Common Indications

• Coronary artery disease

• Valvular heart disease

• Thoracic aneurysms

• Lung cancer or infections

• Congenital heart defects

• Vascular obstructions

Symptoms Requiring CTVS Evaluation

• Severe chest pain or pressure

• Shortness of breath with activity or rest

• Dizziness or syncope

• Irregular heartbeat or heart failure signs

• Swelling of limbs or fatigue

• Persistent coughing or hemoptysis

Types of Procedures

• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

• Valve repair/replacement

• Lobectomy or pneumonectomy (lung surgery)

• Aortic aneurysm repair

• Carotid endarterectomy

• Minimally invasive thoracic surgeries (VATS)

Preoperative Evaluation

• Blood work, imaging (CT, MRI, echocardiography)

• Cardiac catheterization

• Pulmonary function testing

• Risk scoring systems (EuroSCORE, STS)

Postoperative Care

• ICU monitoring

• Ventilator support if needed

• Pain management and physiotherapy

• Cardiac rehab and medication review

Conclusion

CTVS offers life-saving and quality-of-life-enhancing procedures for patients with complex heart, chest, and vascular issues. With modern tools and skilled surgical teams, patients can expect improved outcomes and reduced recovery time.