Overview

Heart valve surgery corrects problems in one or more of the heart’s valves. This may involve repairing the valve to restore its function or replacing it with a biological or mechanical prosthesis. The choice depends on the type and severity of the valve disease.

Types of Valve Disease

• Aortic stenosis or regurgitation

• Mitral valve prolapse or stenosis

• Tricuspid valve regurgitation

• Congenital valve abnormalities

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue, dizziness, or fainting

• Swelling in the legs

• Chest discomfort

• Heart murmur or irregular heartbeat

Diagnostic Workup

• Echocardiography (TTE/TEE)

• Cardiac MRI or CT

• Cardiac catheterization

Surgical Options

• Valve Repair: Preferred when possible, especially for mitral valves

• Valve Replacement:

  • Mechanical valves: Long-lasting but need lifelong anticoagulation

  • Bioprosthetic valves: Limited lifespan but no long-term blood thinners

• Minimally Invasive or Robotic Valve Surgery in suitable patients

• TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) for high-risk patients

Recovery

• ICU stay post-op with monitoring

• Physical therapy and rehab

• Lifelong cardiac follow-up and medication

Conclusion

Valve repair or replacement restores heart function, improves symptoms, and extends life expectancy. With advanced techniques, even high-risk patients can undergo successful valve surgery.